To keep a distributed ledger system at its optimal performance, it is necessary to utilize the resources and avoid latency in its network. To achieve this goal, dynamically and effciently
injecting the unverified transactions to enable synchronicity based on the current system con guration and the traffic of the network is crucial. To reduce latency and
provide optimization, we offer a distributed ledger architecture, Tango, that is based on the Iota-Tangle distributed system. We model periodic pulsed injections into the
evaluation layer from the entry layer. To meet this need, we introduced four protocols: Decentralized Semi-synchronous Pulse Diffusion (DSPD) protocol,Pulsed Injection of
Transactions into the Evaluation Corridor (PITEC) protocol,Pulsed Transaction Injection Parameterization (PTIP) protocol and Verification Perfor-
mance Optimizer (VPO) protocol. The DSPD Protocol lays out the roles of the participants in the network and introduces the diffusion mechanism for the controllers to provide semi-synchronicity to the system.
The diffusion speed is dependent on the p2p network performance. The PITEC Protocol simulates the inventory system by estimating the optimal pulse injection size to be released
for the verifiers at each periodic cycle in order to keep the system's performance. The PTIP protocol regulates the injection volume based on the performance from previous
verification cycle. The VPO takes the capacity of the veri ers pool as a constraint to optimize for various house policies. We observed that under property construction of the
system, we can refine the parameters to integers such that dynamic programming to offer us a pseudo-polynomial complexity to solve this NP-hard optimization problem.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Intrusion Detection systems for Cloud Hypervisors are vital due to the amount of Virtual
Machines that would be a ected in a possible compromise. A Cloud Hypervisor orchestrates,
manages many Virtual Machines, and their central role in cloud computing made
them a target for the attackers. Intrusion detection has been mostly relied on signature
based detection of malicious behaviour. However, when a new type of attack occurs it
won't have a signature in the Intrusion Detection system's database. In those cases, behavior
based anomaly detection produces better results in detection. In this work, we
have started with a data-set provided by University of Victoria's ISOT lab, which includes
2 weeks of logs, including network packet captures; memory dumps; disk, memory, CPU
usage statistics; and more. The proposed method of anomaly detection only used vmstat
and iostat command output generated on the cloud hypervisor, and developed algorithms
to detect anomalies which indicates attacks. For anomaly detection we have evaluated
values in the data-set in a sliding time window, where for each window a KL value is
calculated and compared to the 3 previous windows. Our team
open-sources the developed and implemented methods for anomaly detection.
Cryptography
Cybersecurity has become a necessity for today's digital world. Cryptography has played
an extremely critical role in cybersecurity for defending the privacy and integrity of the
data. However, with recent advances in quantum technologies, it is likely many existing
commonly used cryptosystems will be broken by quantum computers. Post-quantum
cryptography is cryptography under the assumption that the attacker has a large quantum
computer; post-quantum cryptosystems strive to remain secure even in this scenario. It
is known that hard instances of NP-complete problems cannot be solved "exactly" and
"efficiently" by quantum computers. There are many candidate problems, such as shortest
vector problem and closest vector problem in a lattice system, that can be further designed
and used for post-quantum cryptography. This relatively young research area has seen
some successes in identifying mathematical operations for which quantum algorithms o er
little advantage in speed, and then building cryptographic systems around those. The
central challenge in post-quantum cryptography is to meet demands for cryptographic
usability and exibility without sacrificing confidence.
Quantum Computation and Communication
Quantum technologies have advanced dramatically in the past decade, both in theory
and experiment. We are interested in working on exploring the applicability of the
advantages of quantum algorithms, such as quantum walks, with the near term quantum technologies
via various reduction tecniques. pseudo random number generators and quantum machine learning. We are
also exploring quantum assisted blockchain structure via various quantum protocols.
